Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Article Example The research involved samples drawn from students taking introductory business courses in the two countries. They used matching laboratory experiments to match the reluctance to give bad reports to people from the two cultures. To operationalize face saving in a manner that is sensitive to culture, a blame shifting opportunity was put into operation. To obtain the results, the data was pooled to form a two by two factorial design, the independent variables being national culture and blame shifting opportunity. The reluctance to report bad news was used as the dependent variable. Findings: The results of the study showed that the blame shifting opportunity present (treatment) group had a tendency of believing that personal blame could be avoided for problems that were related to software development. The control group which were presented with no opportunity to shift blames shared not this belief. Research Limitations/Implications: Since the studies were conducted in only two countries each with its distinct culture, it may not be fully assumed that the results apply to other countries and cultures such as African countries. Practical implications: Different cultures perceive face-saving, blame and bad news differently. While some cultures encourage blame shifting, others do not. Depending on whether a culture is biased towards lian or mianzi, managers should learn to treat their tendencies towards face –saving differently. Value to Reader: The reader gets to appreciate the fact that different cultures have different perceptions on face saving when delivering bad news or failure. In the organizational set-up, this information helps when dealing with one kind of failure or another as people from diverse cultures will either accept blame or shift blame depending on their cultural biases. It was learnt that in cultures where lian is dominated by the mianzi aspect, negative reporting revolves around personal protection

Pfizer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pfizer - Essay Example This study reflects on the positive and negative impact that Pfizer Inc. has made to the society in which their business establishments have dealt with, either directly or indirectly. Through the establishment of company production units in the many countries of their market penetration, Pfizer Inc. has directly contributed to the welfare of the general population by way of offering employment. Local manpower is the easiest and readily available option to meet the workforce demands by the company. Provision of employment opportunities to thousands of people across the world has not only raised the living standards in the society but has also been a contributor to government revenue in form of income tax. People employed by the company can have their basic human rights met as well as those of their children since they are capable of providing school fees to their young ones (Werther Chandler, 2006, p27). Payment of corporate tax to the resident hosting countries is a major source of income for many governments. These taxes constitute a very useful source of income for many governments. Through the taxes, governments can raise money for servicing national debts, fund development projects as well as supply of important services to the country’s citizenry. Through government investor incentive strategy that aims at attracting more business and opening up the country for development, the local communities benefit from the services rendered by the government in support of this. Such strategies include commitment to provide adequate security in the country to facilitate the operations of the companies. In Werther Chandler (2006, p82) other services include transport network improvement and maintenance and energy supply whose delivery in support of investment attraction also benefits the residents as cited by. Most importantly, the manner in